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Grammar basics · 10 min

これ・それ・あれ

Point to things near you, near someone else, or far from both.

By the end of this lesson

  • Recognize the main idea in これ・それ・あれ.
  • Use one clear example before you begin the quiz.
  • Build confidence with a small, repeatable step.

Japanese uses a three-way pointing system. これ is near me, それ near you, and あれ far from both.

Point clearly

この, その, and あの come before a noun: このほん means this book.

Ask and answer

Use なんですか to ask what something is, then answer with a simple noun sentence.

Study these forms

Read each short sentence as a whole. Notice the specific word or ending that changes its meaning before choosing or writing an answer. これは ほんです。 (This thing near me is a book.) · それは ペンです。 (That thing near you is a pen.) · あれは かばんです。 (That thing over there is a bag.) · これは かさです。 (This thing near me is an umbrella.) · それは とけいです。 (That thing near you is a clock.) · あれは じてんしゃです。 (That thing over there is a bicycle.) · この ほんは あおいです。 (This book near me is blue.) · その ペンは あかいです。 (That pen near you is red.) · あの かばんは おおきいです。 (That bag over there is big.) · この かさは ちいさいです。 (This umbrella near me is small.) · その とけいは あたらしいです。 (That clock near you is new.) · あの じてんしゃは ふるいです。 (That bicycle over there is old.) · これは なんですか。 (What is this thing near me?) · それは なんですか。 (What is that thing near you?) · あれは なんですか。 (What is that thing over there?) · この ほんは だれの ですか。 (Whose is this book near me?) · その ペンは だれの ですか。 (Whose is that pen near you?) · あの かばんは だれの ですか。 (Whose is that bag over there?) · これは わたしの ほんです。 (This thing near me is my book.) · それは かれの ペンです。 (That thing near you is his pen.) · あれは かのじょの かばんです。 (That thing over there is her bag.) · この りんごは おいしいです。 (This apple near me is tasty.) · その みずは つめたいです。 (That water near you is cold.) · あの いえは おおきいです。 (That house over there is big.) · どれが あなたの ほんですか。 (Which one is your book?)

More reading practice

これは しんぶんです。 (This thing near me is a newspaper.) · それは ざっしです。 (That thing near you is a magazine.) · あれは じしょです。 (That thing over there is a dictionary.) · これは でんわです。 (This thing near me is a telephone.) · それは かぎです。 (That thing near you is a key.) · あれは ぼうしです。 (That thing over there is a hat.) · この しんぶんは あたらしいです。 (This newspaper is new.) · その ざっしは おもしろいです。 (That magazine near you is interesting.) · あの じしょは ふるいです。 (That dictionary over there is old.) · この でんわは あかいです。 (This telephone is red.) · その かぎは ちいさいです。 (That key near you is small.) · あの ぼうしは くろいです。 (That hat over there is black.) · これは だれの かぎですか。 (Whose key is this?) · それは だれの ぼうしですか。 (Whose hat is that near you?) · あれは だれの でんわですか。 (Whose telephone is that over there?) · この じしょは だれの ですか。 (Whose is this dictionary?) · その しんぶんは なんですか。 (What is that newspaper near you?) · あの ざっしは なんですか。 (What is that magazine over there?) · この かぎは わたしの です。 (This key is mine.) · その ぼうしは たなかさんの です。 (That hat is Tanaka's.) · あの でんわは せんせいの です。 (That telephone over there is the teacher's.) · これは あおい かばんです。 (This is a blue bag.) · それは おおきい ぼうしです。 (That near you is a big hat.) · あれは ちいさい かぎです。 (That over there is a small key.) · どの ざっしが あなたの ですか。 (Which magazine is yours?)

Put it together

Look at the examples once more. Notice the small detail that makes this grammar basics lesson different from the one before it.

Guided examples

これは なんですか。
Kore wa nan desu ka.
What is this?

Use this example while studying これ・それ・あれ.

This thing near me is a book.
Read this form slowly, then compare it with the lesson example.
A key form from this lesson.

Try to recognize it before you start the quiz.

Try it before the quiz

Before the quiz, can you recognize the key form from これ・それ・あれ?

This thing near me is a book.

Show the answer

This thing near me is a book. · This is one of the forms introduced in the lesson. Say it aloud and connect it to the explanation above.

Remember this

Remember the main pattern from これ・それ・あれ and use the examples as your first reference. A short review is useful learning, not a setback.

Ready to practice?

Take the quiz · 15 questions

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